1. High Purity:

   • Contains at least 99.90% copper, with trace oxygen levels (typically ~0.02–0.04% oxygen).

2. Excellent Electrical Conductivity:

   • Rated at 100% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) or slightly higher (~101% IACS).

3. High Thermal Conductivity:

   • Approximately 385 W/m·K, making it one of the best materials for heat transfer.

4. Good Ductility and Malleability:

   • Easily drawn, formed, or forged into various shapes.

5. Corrosion Resistance:

   • Resistant to atmospheric and neutral water corrosion, though it can be sensitive to oxidizing acids.

6. Solderability and Weldability:

   • Easily soldered but less suitable for welding due to its oxygen content, which may cause hydrogen embrittlement.

Cu-ETP is widely used in electrical and thermal management systems:

• Electrical Applications:

  • Power cables, busbars, windings, and electrical connectors.

• Thermal Applications:

  • Heat exchangers, cooling systems, and cookware.

• Construction:

  • Roofing, plumbing, and decorative components.

• Automotive:

  • Electric vehicle components, wiring, and heat transfer systems.

• Electronics:

  • Circuit boards and small electrical connectors.

Cu-ETP is standardized under various norms globally:

1. UNS (Unified Numbering System):

   • C11000.

2. EN Standards (European Norms):

   • EN 13601: Designated as CW004A.

3. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials):

   • ASTM B187, ASTM B152.

4. DIN (German Standards):

   • DIN 13601.